Abubuwan dandano sun ƙunshi mahaɗan guda ɗaya ko fiye da wari, a cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta akwai wasu rukunin kamshi. an haɗa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ta yadda dandano ya zama nau'i na ƙamshi da ƙamshi daban-daban.
Nauyin kwayoyin gaba ɗaya yana tsakanin 26 zuwa 300, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, ethanol ko wasu kaushi na halitta. Dole ne kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi rukunin atomic kamar 0H, -co -, -NH, da -SH, wanda ake kira rukunin kamshi ko rukunin kamshi. Wadannan gungu na gashin kan sa kamshin ya haifar da abubuwa daban-daban, yana ba mutane ji daban-daban na turare.
Rarraba Abubuwan Dadi
Bisa ga tushen za a iya raba zuwa na halitta dandano da roba dandano. Za a iya raba dandano na halitta zuwa dandano na dabi'ar dabba da dandano na shuka. Za a iya raba kayan yaji na roba zuwa keɓaɓɓen daɗin dandano, haɗaɗɗen sinadarai da haɗaɗɗen ɗanɗano, an raba ɗanɗanon roba zuwa ɗanɗano na roba da cikakken dandano na roba.
Abubuwan Dadi
Dabbobi na dabi'a na nufin asali da waɗanda ba a sarrafa su kai tsaye da ake shafa sassa masu ƙamshi na dabbobi da shuke-shuke; Ko kamshin da aka fitar ko kuma a tace su ta hanyar zahiri ba tare da canza asalin abin da aka yi ba. Dabbobin dabi'a sun haɗa da dandano na dabba da shuka nau'i biyu.
Dabbobin dandano na halitta
Dabbobi nau'in dandanon dabi'ar dabbobi ba su da yawa, galibi don fitar da su ko fitar da dabbobi, akwai nau'ikan dandanon dabbobi kusan goma sha biyu da ake amfani da su don yin amfani da su, abin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu shi ne: miski, ambergris, turaren civet, castorean wadannan dandanon dabbobi guda hudu.
Shuka dandano na halitta
Dandan tsire-tsire shine babban tushen dandano na halitta, nau'in dandano na shuka yana da wadata, kuma hanyoyin magani sun bambanta. Mutane sun gano cewa akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu kamshi sama da 3600 a cikin yanayi, kamar su Mint, Lavender, Peony, Jasmine, cloves, da sauransu, amma nau'ikan amfani mai inganci 400 ne a halin yanzu. Dangane da tsarin su, ana iya raba su zuwa terpenoids, ƙungiyoyin aliphatic, ƙungiyoyin aromatic da ƙwayoyin nitrogen da sulfur.
roba dadin dandano
Dandan roba wani nau'in dandano ne da aka shirya ta hanyar haɗakar sinadarai ta amfani da albarkatun ƙasa ko albarkatun sinadarai. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan dandano na roba kusan 4000 ~ 5000 bisa ga adabi, kuma ana amfani da kusan nau'ikan 700. A cikin tsarin dandano na yanzu, abubuwan dandano na roba suna lissafin kusan 85%.
Turare ya ware
Keɓancewar turare mahadi guda ne na ɗanɗano waɗanda aka keɓe a zahiri ko na sinadarai daga ƙamshin halitta. Suna da nau'i guda ɗaya da tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, amma suna da wari ɗaya, kuma suna buƙatar amfani da wasu kayan kamshi na halitta ko na roba.
Semi-synthetic dandano
Semi-synthetic dandano wani nau'i ne na kayan dandano da aka yi ta hanyar sinadarai, wanda shine muhimmin sashi na dandano na roba. A halin yanzu, sama da nau'ikan kayan kamshi na roba sama da 150 an haɓaka masana'antu.
Cikakken dandano na roba
Cikakken ɗanɗanon roba wani fili ne na sinadari da aka samu ta hanyar haɗakar sinadarai masu matakai da yawa na samfuran sinadarai na petrochemical ko kwal a matsayin ainihin ɗanyen abu. “Danye ne na wucin gadi” wanda aka shirya bisa ga kafaffen hanyar roba. Akwai nau'ikan dandanon roba sama da 5,000 a duniya, kuma akwai nau'ikan dandanon roba sama da 1,400 da aka yarda a kasar Sin, da fiye da nau'ikan kayayyakin da ake amfani da su fiye da 400.
Haɗewar dandano
Haɗuwa yana nufin cakuda ɗanɗano da yawa ko ma da yawa na ɗanɗano (na halitta, roba da keɓe kayan yaji) tare da wani ƙamshi ko ƙamshi wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kai tsaye don dandano samfurin, wanda kuma aka sani da ainihin.
Dangane da aikin ɗanɗano a cikin haɗuwa, ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyar: babban wakili na ƙamshi, da wakili na kamshi, mai gyarawa, ƙayyadaddun ƙamshi da ƙamshi. Ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa uku: ƙamshin kai, ƙamshin jiki da ƙamshin tushe gwargwadon yanayin ɗanɗano da lokacin riƙewa.
Rarraba ƙamshi
Poucher ya wallafa wata hanya don rarraba ƙamshi gwargwadon ƙamshinsu. Ya tantance kamshi 330 na halitta da na roba da sauran kamshi, inda ya karkasa su zuwa firamare, na jiki da na firamare bisa tsawon lokacin da suka rage a kan takardar.
Poucher yana sanya adadin "1" ga waɗanda ƙamshinsu ya ɓace cikin ƙasa da kwana ɗaya, "2" ga waɗanda ƙamshinsa ya ɓace cikin ƙasa da kwana biyu, da sauransu zuwa iyakar "100", bayan haka kuma ya zama mafi girma. ba a yanzu daraja. Ya rarraba 1 zuwa 14 a matsayin kamshin kai 15 zuwa 60 a matsayin kayan kamshi na jiki da 62 zuwa 100 a matsayin kamshi na tushe ko ƙamshi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-23-2024