Dandano ya ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye na mahaɗan halitta masu ƙamshi, a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta akwai wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙamshi. Ana haɗa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin ƙwayoyin, don haka dandanon yana da nau'ikan ƙamshi da ƙamshi daban-daban.
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 26 zuwa 300, yana narkewa a cikin ruwa, ethanol ko wasu sinadarai na halitta. Dole ne kwayar halittar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyar atomic kamar 0H, -co -, -NH, da -SH, wanda ake kira ƙungiyar aromatic ko ƙungiyar aromatic. Waɗannan tarin gashi suna sa warin ya samar da abubuwa daban-daban, suna ba wa mutane jin turare daban-daban.
Rarraba Ɗanɗano
A cewar tushen, ana iya raba dandanon halitta zuwa dandanon halitta da dandanon roba. Ana iya raba dandanon halitta zuwa dandanon halitta na dabbobi da dandanon halitta na shuka. Ana iya raba kayan ƙanshin roba zuwa dandanon da aka ware, hadewar sinadarai da dandanon hadewa, dandanon roba an raba shi zuwa dandanon semi-roba da dandanon roba gaba daya.
Ɗanɗanon Halitta
Ɗanɗanon halitta yana nufin asalin da ba a sarrafa ba kuma sassan ƙamshi na dabbobi da tsire-tsire da aka yi amfani da su kai tsaye; Ko kuma ƙamshin da aka cire ko aka tace ta hanyar jiki ba tare da canza asalin abun da ke ciki ba. Ɗanɗanon halitta ya haɗa da ɗanɗanon halitta na dabbobi da tsire-tsire rukuni biyu.
Ɗanɗanon halitta na dabbobi
Nau'ikan dandanon halitta na dabbobi ba su da yawa, galibi don fitar da ko fitar da dabbobi, akwai nau'ikan dandanon dabbobi kusan goma sha biyu da ake amfani da su, ana amfani da su a yanzu: musk, ambergris, turaren civet, castorean waɗannan dandanon dabbobi guda huɗu.
Shuka dandanon halitta
Ɗanɗanon shuka na halitta shine babban tushen ɗanɗanon halitta, nau'ikan ɗanɗanon shuka suna da wadata, kuma hanyoyin magancewa sun bambanta. Mutane sun gano cewa akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu ƙamshi sama da 3600 a yanayi, kamar na'a-na'a, lavender, peony, jasmine, cloves, da sauransu, amma nau'ikan amfani 400 ne kawai ake da su a halin yanzu. Dangane da tsarinsu, ana iya raba su zuwa terpenoids, ƙungiyoyin aliphatic, ƙungiyoyin aromatic da mahadi na nitrogen da sulfur.
dandanon roba
Ɗanɗanon roba wani abu ne da ake haɗa shi da sinadarai ta hanyar amfani da kayan halitta ko kayan sinadarai. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan dandanon roba kusan 4000-5000 bisa ga wallafe-wallafe, kuma ana amfani da kusan nau'ikan 700 akai-akai. A cikin tsarin dandano na yanzu, ɗanɗanon roba ya kai kusan kashi 85%.
An ware turare
Turare masu ɗauke da turare sune sinadarai masu ɗanɗano ɗaya waɗanda aka ware su ta jiki ko ta sinadarai daga ƙamshi na halitta. Suna da tsari ɗaya da kuma tsari mai haske na ƙwayoyin halitta, amma suna da ƙamshi ɗaya, kuma suna buƙatar amfani da su tare da wasu ƙamshi na halitta ko na roba.
Ɗanɗanon da aka haɗa da na roba
Ɗanɗanon Semi-synthetic wani nau'in ɗanɗano ne da aka yi ta hanyar sinadaran da ke cikinsa, wanda muhimmin sashi ne na ɗanɗanon roba. A halin yanzu, an ƙara samun nau'ikan ƙamshi sama da 150 na kayan ƙanshi na semi-synthetic a masana'antu.
Cikakken dandano na roba
Dandanon da aka yi amfani da shi gaba ɗaya wani sinadari ne da ake samu ta hanyar haɗa sinadarai masu matakai da yawa na samfuran sinadarai na petrochemical ko kwal a matsayin kayan asali. "Kayan da aka yi amfani da su na wucin gadi" ne da aka shirya bisa ga hanyar da aka kafa ta hanyar roba. Akwai nau'ikan dandanon roba sama da 5,000 a duniya, kuma akwai nau'ikan dandanon roba sama da 1,400 da aka yarda a China, da kuma nau'ikan samfuran da aka saba amfani da su sama da 400.
Haɗa ɗanɗano
Haɗawa yana nufin cakuda dandano na wucin gadi da dama ko ma da dama (na halitta, na roba da na keɓewa) tare da wani ƙamshi ko ƙamshi wanda za a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye don dandanon samfurin, wanda kuma aka sani da essence.
Dangane da aikin dandano a cikin haɗawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyar: babban wakilin ƙamshi, da wakilin ƙamshi, mai gyarawa, wakilin ƙamshi mai tsayayye da ƙamshi. Ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa uku: ƙamshi na kai, ƙamshi na jiki da ƙamshi na tushe gwargwadon canjin ɗanɗano da lokacin riƙewa.
Rarraba ƙamshi
Poucher ya buga wata hanya ta rarraba ƙamshi gwargwadon canjin ƙamshinsu. Ya kimanta ƙamshi na halitta da na roba guda 330 da sauran ƙamshi, inda ya rarraba su zuwa ƙamshi na farko, na jiki da na farko bisa ga tsawon lokacin da suka rage a kan takardar.
Poucher yana sanya adadin "1" ga waɗanda ƙamshinsu ya ɓace cikin ƙasa da kwana ɗaya, "2" ga waɗanda ƙamshinsu ya ɓace cikin ƙasa da kwana biyu, don haka har zuwa matsakaicin "100", bayan haka ba a ƙara masa matsayi ba. Ya rarraba 1 zuwa 14 a matsayin ƙamshin kai 15 zuwa 60 a matsayin ƙamshin jiki da kuma 62 zuwa 100 a matsayin ƙamshin tushe ko ƙamshi mai ƙarfi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-23-2024