A ƙasa akwai taƙaitaccen gabatarwa game da hanyoyin aiki, nau'o'in da kuma ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na abubuwan kiyayewa daban-daban.
1.Yanayin aikin gabaɗaya naabubuwan kiyayewa
Preservative sune manyan sinadarai waɗanda ke taimakawa kashe ko hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kayan kwalliya tare da kula da ingancin kayan kwalliya na dogon lokaci.
Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa masu kiyayewa ba bactericide ba ne kuma ba su da wani tasiri mai karfi na bactericidal, kuma suna aiki ne kawai idan aka yi amfani da su da yawa ko kuma lokacin da suke da alaka da kwayoyin halitta.
Abubuwan kiyayewa suna hana haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna toshe kira na mahimman enzymes na rayuwa kamar yadda kuma suna hana haɗin sunadaran a cikin mahimman abubuwan sel ko haɗin acid nucleic.
2.Abubuwan da suka shafi Ayyukan Preservatives
Abubuwa da yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga tasirin abubuwan kiyayewa.Sun hada da;
a.Tasirin pH
Canji a cikin pH yana ba da gudummawa ga tarwatsewar abubuwan da ake kiyayewa na Organic acid, don haka yana shafar tasirin abubuwan kiyayewa gaba ɗaya.Ɗauki misali, a pH 4 da pH 6, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol yana da ƙarfi sosai.
b.Tasirin gel da m barbashi
Koalin, magnesium silicate, aluminum da dai sauransu, wasu nau'o'in foda ne da ke cikin wasu kayan shafawa, wanda yawanci yakan sha abin da ake kiyayewa don haka yana haifar da asarar aiki ta hanyar kiyayewa.Duk da haka, wasu kuma suna da tasiri a cikin shayar da kwayoyin cutar da ke cikin abin da ake adanawa.Har ila yau, haɗuwa da gel na polymer mai narkewa da ruwa da masu kiyayewa suna taimakawa wajen rage yawan abubuwan da suka rage a cikin ƙirar kayan shafawa, kuma wannan ya rage tasirin abin da ke cikin kayan.
c.Tasirin solubilization na nonionic surfactants
Solubilization na daban-daban surfactants kamar nonionic surfactants a cikin preservatives kuma yana rinjayar gaba ɗaya ayyukan masu kiyayewa.Duk da haka, nonionic surfactants mai narkewa mai-mai narkewa kamar HLB=3-6 an san suna da mafi girman yuwuwar kashewa akan abubuwan kiyayewa idan aka kwatanta da ruwa mai narkewa nonionic surfactants tare da ƙimar HLB mafi girma.
d.Tasirin lalacewa ta hanyar kiyayewa
Akwai wasu dalilai irin su dumama, haske da sauransu, waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewar abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin tasirin antiseptic.Fiye da haka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan tasirin suna haifar da amsawar biochemical sakamakon haifuwar radiation da lalata.
e.Sauran ayyuka
Hakazalika, wasu abubuwan kamar kasancewar abubuwan dandano da abubuwan da aka lalata da kuma rarraba abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin ruwa-ruwa mai kashi biyu suma zasu taimaka wajen rage yawan abubuwan da ake kashewa har zuwa wani lokaci.
3.Abubuwan maganin antiseptik na masu kiyayewa
Abubuwan maganin antiseptik na masu kiyayewa sun cancanci la'akari.Samun abubuwan kiyayewa da yawa a cikin kayan shafawa tabbas zai sa ya fusata, yayin da ƙarancin maida hankali zai shafi maganin antiseptik.Properties na preservatives.Hanya mafi kyau don kimanta wannan ita ce ta amfani da gwajin ƙalubalen halittu wanda ya haɗa da mafi ƙarancin maida hankali (MIC) da gwajin yanki na hanawa.
Gwajin da'irar Bacteriostatic: Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don tantance waɗancan ƙwayoyin cuta da mold tare da ikon yin girma cikin sauri bayan noma akan matsakaiciyar dacewa.A halin da ake ciki inda faifan takarda tace da aka yi ciki tare da abin kiyayewa an jefar da shi a tsakiyar tsakiyar farantin al'ada, za a sami da'irar bacteriostatic da aka kafa a kusa da shi saboda shigar da abin kiyayewa.Lokacin auna diamita na da'irar bacteriostatic, ana iya amfani da shi azaman ma'auni don tantance tasirin abin kiyayewa.
Tare da wannan, ana iya cewa da'irar bacteriostatic ta amfani da hanyar takarda tare da diamita> = 1.0mm yana da tasiri sosai.Ana kiran MIC a matsayin mafi ƙarancin maida hankali na abin da za a iya ƙarawa cikin matsakaici don hana ci gaban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.A cikin irin wannan yanayin, ƙarami MIC, mafi ƙarfi da kaddarorin antimicrobial na abin kiyayewa.
Ƙarfi ko tasirin ayyukan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci ana bayyana su a cikin sigar mafi ƙarancin maida hankali (MIC).Ta yin haka, aikin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙarfi yana ƙaddara ta ƙaramin ƙimar MIC.Ko da yake ba za a iya amfani da MIC don bambanta tsakanin kwayoyin cuta da ayyukan bacteriostatic ba, an san surfactants gabaɗaya don samun sakamako na bacteriostatic a ƙananan ƙwayar cuta da kuma haifuwa a babban taro.
Hasali ma, a lokuta daban-daban, wadannan ayyuka guda biyu suna faruwa ne a lokaci guda, wanda hakan ya sa a yi wuya a iya bambanta su.Saboda wannan dalili, yawanci ana ba su sunan gama gari azaman maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma kawai kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-10-2021